Water softening

Water softening is an important part of water conditioning and purification.

High hardness leads to the formation of scale in water heating units for domestic and industrial use, in steam boilers as well as the formation of salt deposits on dishes. The scale formation, in turn, leads to overheating of electrical surfaces, high energy consumption and ultimately to failure of devices and equipment. However, water with high hardness also has an unpleasant taste (has low organoleptic properties) and food, tea, coffee with this water lose their flavor.

Fibrous Ion Exchangers Panion® are effective means for removal of high content of hardness salts caused by occurrence of calcium and magnesium salts.

Thanks to their properties fibers Panion® remove ions of hardness 10-100 times as fast as common granular ion exchangers that makes possible to use they in small-sized low-pressure installations for industrial and domestic use.

The variety of textile forms allows the use of Panion® materials in water purification installations of different construction and purpose, and high mechanical strength and osmotic stability make it possible to use fibrous ion exchangers in multiple «sorption-regeneration» cycles.

Materials PANION® designed for removal of hardness salts from water

Panion 110 — removal of ions of heavy metals, water softening

Fibrous ion exchanger PANION 110

PANION 110 — weak-acid fibrous cation exchanger, an analogue of well-known trademarks VION, FIBAN, MION.

Applications:

• Air purification from volatile substances of base nature: ammonia, amines, alkalis etc. Panion 110 can be applied in industrial and domestic air cleaning systems;
• Water purification from the ions of heavy metals, water softening;
• Human protective means (respirators, gas-masks, protective costumes etc): removal of vapors of ammonia and amines.

Technical specification*:

Functional groups:	-COOH
The base polymer	polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber
Ion exchange capacity, meq/g	4 – 7
Temperature working range	0 – 80°C
pH working range	1 – 12
Textile forms	Staple fiber: cut length 30-70 mm. Non-woven needle-punched fabric: surface density from 200 to 1000 g/m2; width of the fabric up to 1600 mm, thickness from 2 to 10 mm. On special request the others textile forms can be produced: threads, cloths, bands, short staple fiber etc..
Stability against aggressive media	Stable against concentrated HCl, H2SO4, Na2CO3 and all organic solvents. In concentrated NaOH accumulates carboxyl acid groups
Regeneration	With a weak solution of acid or salt
Stable in multiple cycles of «sorption-regeneration», «wetting-drying»

* - on a customer request fibrous ion exchange material with other physical and chemical properties can be produced.

PANION 110 staple and non-woven fibers

30X

Panion 120 — removal of ions of heavy metals: Fe(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) etc.

Fibrous ion exchanger PANION 120

PANION 120 — weak acid fibrous ion exchanger.

Applications

• Selective water purification from the ions of heavy metals: Fe(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Hg(II);

Technical specification*

Functional groups	mono- and diacetate
The base polymer	polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber
Ion exchange capacity, meq/g	2 – 6
Temperature working range	0 – 80°C
pH working range	1 – 12
Textile forms	Staple fiber: cut length 30-70 mm. Non-woven needle-punched fabric: surface density from 200 to 1000 g/m2; width of the fabric up to 1600 mm, thickness from 2 to 10 mm. On special request the others textile forms can be produced: threads, cloths, bands, short staple fiber etc..
Stability against aggressive media	Stable against concentrated solutions of acids, soda and all organic solvents
Regeneration	With a weak solution of acid
Stable in multiple cycles of «sorption-regeneration», «wetting-drying»

* - on a customer request fibrous ion exchange material with other physical and chemical properties can be produced.

PANION 120 staple and non-woven fibers

30X